![]() Root was part of the defense counsel that Tammany Hall boss William M. On January 19, 1898, Root was elected a member of the executive committee of the newly formed North American Trust Company. ![]() Arthur, Charles Anderson Dana, William C. Īmong Root's prominent and wealthy private clients were Jay Gould, Chester A. Root's law practice, which he began in 1868, evolved into the law firm Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam & Roberts, a predecessor of the modern firm Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman. Legal career (1868–1898) Īfter admission to the bar in New York, Root went into private practice as a lawyer. then became a minister and followed in their father's footsteps as a Mathematics professor at Hamilton. ![]() ĭespite his parents' encouragement to become a Presbyterian minister, Root went to New York City to attend New York University School of Law, from which he graduated in 1867. After graduation, Root was an instructor of physical education for two years at Williston Seminary and taught for one year at the Rome Free Academy. He joined the Sigma Phi Society and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Stanley Hall, before enrolling at Hamilton. Elihu studied at local schools including Williston Seminary, where he was a classmate of G. His father was professor of mathematics at Hamilton College. Root supported Wilson's vision of the League of Nations but with reservations along the lines proposed by Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge.Įlihu Root was born in Clinton, New York, to Oren Root and Nancy Whitney Buttrick, both of English descent. President Woodrow Wilson sent him to Russia in 1917 in an unsuccessful effort to establish an alliance with the new revolutionary government that had replaced the czar. By 1916, he was a leading proponent of military preparedness with the expectation that the United States would enter World War I. He played a central role in Taft's nomination to a second term at the 1912 Republican National Convention. In the United States Senate, Root was a conservative supporter of President William Howard Taft. He negotiated 24 bilateral international arbitration treaties, which led to the creation of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Root modernized the consular service by minimizing patronage, promoted friendly relations with Latin America, and resolved frictions with Japan over the immigration of unskilled workers to the West Coast of the United States. He restructured the National Guard into an effective reserve, created the United States Army War College and established a general staff.Īfter a brief return to private life, Root rejoined the Roosevelt administration as Secretary of State from 1905 to 1909. Root also modernized the Army into a professional military apparatus comparable to the best in Europe. He was a strong advocate for the Panama Canal and the Open Door Policy. He helped design the Foraker Act of 1900, the Philippine Organic Act (1902), and the Platt Amendment of 1901. Root favored a paternalistic approach to colonial administration, emphasizing technology, engineering, and disinterested public service. Root was a prominent opponent of women's suffrage and worked to ensure the New York state constitution allowed only men to vote.Īs Secretary of War from 1899 to 1904, Root administered colonial possessions won in the Spanish–American War, especially the Philippines and Cuba. Root served as president or chairman of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and the Carnegie Corporation of New York. ![]() His private clients included major corporations and such powerful players as Andrew Carnegie. Root was a leading New York City lawyer who moved frequently between high-level appointed government positions in Washington, D.C., and private-sector legal practice in New York City. Root is sometimes considered the prototype of the 20th century political " wise man," advising presidents on a range of foreign and domestic issues. He also served as United States Senator from New York and received the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize. Elihu Root ( / ˈ ɛ l ɪ h juː ˈ r uː t/ February 15, 1845 – February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer, Republican politician, and statesman who served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War in the early twentieth century.
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